A heavy rain process occurred in Yining of Yili valley on 30 September 2019. Based on the observation data of micro rain radar (MRR), terrestrial OTT-PARSIVEL raindrop spectrometer and rain gauge at Yining station, the reliability of MRR data was compared and tested. And on this basis, the vertical distribution characteristics of microphysical quantities retrieved by MRR were investigated at different stages of the heavy rain process. The results show that the precipitations from three kinds of instruments were close, and their change trends were consistent. The rainfall intensity of MRR near ground level (35, 70 and 105 m) had a good correlation with the observation of OTT-PARSIVEL raindrop spectrometer, the coefficients were 0.9233, 0.9289 and 0.9186, respectively, and the convergence degree of rainfall intensity between two kinds of instruments was higher when the rainfall intensity was less than 3 mm·h^-1. The vertical distributions of microphysical quantities from MRR were different at different stages of rainfall intensity. At the low rainfall intensity stage, the environmental humidity was lower and evaporation was stronger during the initial period of rainfall, the radar reflectivity factor, liquid water content and rain intensity from MMR decreased with decrease of height, while the environmental humidity was higher and evaporation was weaker during the middle period of rainfall, and the vertical changes of radar reflectivity factor, liquid water content and rain intensity weren’t obvious. During the late period of rainfall, the rain intensity near ground decreased significantly under the low rainfall intensity condition because the supply of water vapor and power was lack. At the moderate and high rainfall intensity stages, the vertical distribution of particles falling velocity was stable, while the radar reflectivity factor, liquid water content and rain intensity increased with decrease of height due to the collision and merger interaction between raindrops. The small raindrops dominated during the heavy rain process in Yining, the percentage of average number concentration of small raindrops to total number concentration exceeded 90%, and it decreased with decrease of height. The contribution of medium raindrops to total rain intensity was the greatest, the contribution rates at different stages of rainfall intensity were 60% and above, and it increased with decrease of height. The number concentration of large raindrops was the smallest in proportion of total number concentration, and its contribution to total rain intensity was the smallest.

Based on the methods of value similarity and shape similarity, the consistency characteristics of the echo parameters of two strong convective cell pairs during a strong convective weather process caused by multiple convective monomers in Dalou Mountains in Guizhou Province on April 30, 2015 were analyzed and the time shift (phase shift) technology and mathematical statistical methods were used to analyze the similarity of the convective characteristic parameters of strong convective cell pairs. The results are as follows: (1) The value similarity of the maximum echo intensity Z_max, 0 dBZ height H₀, and 45 dBZ height H₄₅ of the cell pairs were relatively higher, but for the vertical cumulative liquid water content (VIL) it was relatively poor. (2) After processing by using the time shift technique, the change trends of the characteristic parameters of the two cell pairs were more consistent and the degree of similarity was higher. (3) The fluctuation periods of Z_max and VIL of both two cell pairs had good consistency, and fluctuation periods of H₀ and H₄₅ of C and D cell pair had better consistency. (4) The main reason for the poor value similarity of VIL of the cell pairs was the difference in the value of the radar reflectivity factor Z of each scan layer and the vertical height of Z.

Based on the monitoring data of VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioning system, MICAPS routine observation data and ground hail observation data, the lightning activity characteristics of a large-scale disaster-causing hail weather process in the slope transition zone of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were analyzed, and the relation between lightning activity and hail falling was discussed. The results are as follows: (1) The stable southern trough in upper level cooperated with the lower level shear line, lower level jet and surface convergence line, which triggered the large-scale hail weather process. (2) The negative ground lightning dominated during the hail weather process, followed by cloud lightning and positive ground lightning. The frequency of total lightning appeared ‘jump increase’ and ‘sharp drop’ phenomena before and after the hail falling in hail area, respectively, and the jump characteristic of lightning frequency change rate more than two standard deviations (2σDFRDT) was obvious before the hail falling, the 2σDFRDT jump signal and peak of total lightning frequency were 20 minutes and 13 minutes ahead of the hail falling, respectively, so two signals had warning indicative significance for hail falling, while the former was better than the later. (3) The spatial distribution of lightning was basically consistent with the moving path of hail cloud, which was an indicator to the development and movement of hail cloud, and the hail areas were mainly located in the right side of lightning position.

Based on conventional ground observation data, TBB data of FY-2G satellite and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the synoptic circulation pattern and mesoscale systems of the heavy rainstorm in Yili area of Xinjiang from 16 to 17 June 2016 were analyzed. And on this basis, the formation of the heavy rainstorm was analyzed in detail by using the output data of WRF model with high resolution. The results show that the main weather systems of the heavy rainstorm process were low trough in Central Asia, westerly jet in upper level, shear lines and convergence lines in lower layer. The multiple mesoscale cloud clusters sustained in Tianshan mountains area of northern Yili for a long time under the effect of terrain lifting, which caused strong rainfall continuously. The simulation result showed that the mesoscale convective cells moving continuously to the Tianshan mountains in northern Yili directly caused the heavy rainfall in Yili region, and the development of convective cells was closely related with low-level jets, low-level wind convergence and terrain. The dynamic convergence enhanced with increase of low-level jets, which triggered the release of CAPE (convective available potential energy), further led to the maintenance and rapid development of vertical motion together with terrain uplift, and caused the enhancement of convective system near convergence line in lower level, which were beneficial to the occurrence of heavy rainfall along Tianshan mountain of northern Yili.